• As someone who knows a bit of physics but nothing about track cycling, I suggest this test: put your track bike on a stationary trainer, but don't engage any resistance against the back wheel. See how fast you can accelerate with small/small and with large/large.

    If the difference in drivetrain inertia is enough to have a large effect on the track (when you're accelerating yourself as well as the drivetrain) then the difference in this test should be huge and easily measurable, since you're only fighting drivetrain inertia and the moment of inertia of the rear wheel, so drivetrain inertia will be much more significant than it is when actually riding.

About